linux 安装 prometheus+grafana 入门教程

prometheus 安装

Prometheus 是由 SoundCloud 开源监控告警解决方案。
prometheus 存储的是时序数据，即按相同时序(相同名称和标签)，以时间维度存储连续的数据的集合。

1. 下载 linux 二进制源码

• 下载
  下载地址: https://prometheus.io/download/

  （建议下载最新版本、各个版本存在细微差别）

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.30.3/prometheus-2.30.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

• 解压安装包

tar -zxvf prometheus-2.30.3.linux-amd64.tar.gz

cd prometheus-2.30.3.linux-amd64

安装 prometheus

• 查看版本号

  ./prometheus –version

[root@VM-16-5-centos prometheus]# ./prometheus --version
prometheus, version 2.30.3 (branch: HEAD, revision: f29caccc42557f6a8ec30ea9b3c8c089391bd5df)
  build user:       root@5cff4265f0e3
  build date:       20211005-16:10:52
  go version:       go1.17.1
  platform:         linux/amd64

• 注册为服务启动

创建用户组
groupadd prometheus
useradd -g prometheus -m -s /sbin/nologin prometheus

解压配置
mv prometheus-2.30.3.linux-amd64 /usr/local/prometheus

创建数据目录
mkdir /usr/local/prometheus/data/

权限修改
chown -R prometheus.prometheus /usr/local/prometheus

检查并加载配置文件
./promtool check config prometheus.yml

创建systemd服务
cat < /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[Unit]
Description=prometheus
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus –config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml –storage.tsdb.path=/usr/local/prometheus/data/ –web.enable-lifecycle –storage.tsdb.retention.time=3d
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

–config.file: 指定配置文件
–web.enable-lifecycle: 支持通过http请求重载配置
–storage.tsdb.path: 指定数据存储目录（默认当前目录的的data目录，若不存在则新建）
–storage.tsdb.retention.time: 指定数据保留时间（默认15d）

启动服务

• systemctl daemon-reload
• systemctl start prometheus
• systemctl status prometheus && systemctl enable prometheus

确认端口已经被监听

ss -lnput | grep 9090

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@VM-16-5-centos prometheus]# ss -lnput | grep 9090
tcp    LISTEN     0      1024   [::]:9090               [::]:*                   users:(("prometheus",pid=3678,fd=7))

查看默认指标

curl -v “http://127.0.0.1:9090/metrics"

安装 grafana

下载grafana

下载地址: https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release

wget https://dl.grafana.com/enterprise/release/grafana-enterprise-8.2.1-1.x86_64.rpm

安装

sudo yum install grafana-enterprise-8.2.1-1.x86_64.rpm

使用 systemd 启动服务器

• 要启动服务并验证服务是否已启动：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start grafana-server
sudo systemctl status grafana-server

• 将 Grafana 服务器配置为在引导时启动：

sudo systemctl enable grafana-server